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¼±±³ÇÐÀÚ·á > ³í¹® |
µî·ÏÀÏ |
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2006-04-07 |
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ÀÛ¼ºÀÚ |
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°ü¸®ÀÚ (admin) |
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»ïÀÚ¿ø¸®¿Í Á¸ ·Î½ºÀÇ ¼±±³¹æ¹ý |
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ºÎÁ¦ : Çѱ¹Àå·Î±³È¸ÀÇ ÃʱâÇü¼º±â[1874-1893]¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸ |
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¹è¾ÈÈ£ ¼±±³»ç(¿µ±¹ ¾Æ¹öµò ´ëÇÐ. M.Th., Ph.D.)
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Çѱ¹±³È¸´Â ¼±±³ ÃʱâºÎÅÍ ¿ä¿øÀÇ ºÒ±æó·³ ºñ¾àÀûÀÎ ¹ßÀüÀ» °ÅµìÇÏ¿© ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ À̸£·¯¼´Â ¹Ì±¹ ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î Á¦2ÀÇ ¼±±³»ç Æļ۱¹ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Çѱ¹ Àå·Î±³È¸ÀÇ ³î¶ó¿î ¹ßÀü°ú ¼ºÀåÀÇ ¿øÀο¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â Áö±Ý±îÁö ¿©·¯ °¢µµ·Î ºÐ¼®µÇ°í ¿¬±¸µÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ±× ¿øÀεé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª·Î¼ ¼±±³ Ãʱ⿡ '³»ÇÑ Àå·Î±³¼±±³»ç °øÀÇȸ'¿¡¼ äÅÃÇÑ ³×ºñ¿ì½º ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» Çѱ¹±³È¸°¡ äÅÃÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â »ç½ÇÀ» º°´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀÇ ¾øÀÌ ±×´ë·Î ¼ö¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ´Â ´ÙºÐÈ÷ ¹Ì±¹¼±±³»çµéÀÇ ¿µÇâ·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÊÀÚ´Â Ãʱâ Çѱ¹Àå·Î±³È¸ Çü¼º°úÁ¤¿¡¼ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¼±±³»çµéÀÌ °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î Çѱ¹¿¡ ÀÔ±¹Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì Á¸ ·Î½º¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÅäÂø±³È¸ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÌ µçµçÈ÷ ¼¼¿öÁ®¼ Àú ºÏ³è ¶¥ °£µµÁö¹æÀÇ ÇÑÀÎÃÌ°ú Áö±ÝÀÇ ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÀÇÁÖ¡¤¼Ò·¡, ±×¸®°í ¼¿ï ÀÏ¿ø¿¡ »ó´ç¼öÀÇ Çѱ¹±³Àο¡ ÀÇÇÑ È°¹ßÇÑ Àüµµ È°µ¿À¸·Î °÷°÷¿¡ ÅäÂø±³È¸°¡ Çü¼ºµÇ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¸ÕÀú ÁÖ¸ñÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç½Ç¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ Çѱ¹ÀÇ Ãʱâ Àå·Î±³È¸ ¿ª»ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼±±³ÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸´Â ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
»ç½Ç»ó Çѱ¹±³È¸°¡ ºñ¾àÀûÀÎ ¼ºÀåÀ» °ÅµìÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±±³ÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ ±× ÇØ´äÀ» ã´Â ÀÛ¾÷Àº Á»´õ ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ ÀÖ¾ú¾î¾ß Çß´Ù. ´õ±¸³ª ÀÌÁ¦ 1¸¸¿© ¸íÀÇ ¼±±³»ç¸¦ ÆļÛÇÏ´Â '¼±±³´ë±¹'(?)À¸·Î ¼ºÀåÇÑ ÀÌ ¸¶´ç¿¡ Çѱ¹±³È¸, ƯÈ÷ Çѱ¹Àå·Î±³È¸°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô Çü¼ºµÇ°í ±× ±Þ°ÝÇÑ ¼ºÀå¹ßÀüÀÇ ¹èÈÄ¿¡ ¾î¶² ¼±±³¹æ¹ý ¿ø¸®°¡ Àû¿ëµÇ¾î ¿Ô´ÂÁö¸¦ Á¶½É½º·´°Ô »ìÆ캸´Â °ÍÀº ¾ÕÀ¸·Î Çѱ¹±³È¸°¡ 21¼¼±âÀÇ ¼¼°è¼±±³¸¦ Á»´õ ³»½Ç ÀÖ°Ô ÃßÁøÇϱâ À§Çؼµµ ¸Å¿ì Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
º» ³í¹®ÀÇ ÀǵµÇÏ´Â ¹Ù´Â Å©°Ô µÎ °¡ÁöÀÌ´Ù. ù°´Â Çѱ¹ Ãʱâ Àå·Î±³È¸ÀÇ À¯¾Æ±â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±±³ÀûÀÎ °íÂûÀ» ÅëÇؼ Á¸ ·Î½ºÀÇ ¼±±³»ç¿ªÀÇ ¿µÇâ°ú ±×¸¦ ÅëÇÑ Ãʱâ Çѱ¹ ±³ÀεéÀÇ È°µ¿»óȲÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¾î¶² ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·Ð¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ Çѱ¹±³È¸°¡ Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ »ìÆ캸·Á´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µÑ°´Â ¼±±³»çµéÀÌ Á÷Á¢ µé¾î°¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ƯÁ¤ ¼±±³Áö¿ªÀÇ(âÀÇÀû Á¢±ÙÁö¿ª) ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¼±±³È°µ¿ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø »óȲÀ» Á¸ ·Î½ºÀÇ ¼±±³»ç¿ªÀ» ÅëÇؼ »ìÆ캽À¸·Î½á, ÀÌ¿Í À¯»çÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼ÀÇ ¼±±³¹æ¹ýÀ» À§ÇÑ ÅëÂû·ÂÀ» ¾ò°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.
´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé Áö±Ý±îÁö Á¸ ·Î½º´Â »ç½Ç»ó Çѱ¹±³°è¿¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁö±â´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ½Å¾à¼º°æ ¹ø¿ªÀÚ Á¤µµ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°¡ ¿Ö ¸¸ÁÖ ¼±±³»ç·Î 39³â°£ ¼±±³È°µ¿À» ÇÏ¸é¼ "ºÎ»ê¹°ÀûÀÎ(by-product)" ÇÑ±Û ½Å¾à¼º°æ ¹ø¿ª »ç¿ªÀ» °¨´çÇß´ÂÁö, ±× µ¿±â¿Í ±× ¼±±³Àü·«ÀÇ ¿ø¸®°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ̾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ »õ·Ó°Ô ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Çѱ¹Àå·Î±³È¸ÀÇ Ãʱâ Çü¼º±âÀÇ ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ ½Çü¸¦ ¹Ù¸£°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ¾Æ¿ï·¯¼ ¶ÇÇÑ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î Çѱ¹±³È¸ÀÇ 21¼¼±âÀÇ ¼¼°è ¼±±³¸¦ °¨´çÇϴµ¥ ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ ±³ÈÆ°ú ÅëÂûÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¸é¿¡¼ Ä¿´Ù¶õ À¯ÀÍÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1. 19¼¼±â ÅäÂø±³È¸ÀÇ ÀÌ·Ð(»ïÀÚ¿ø¸®)°ú ºÏµ¿Áß±¹ÀÇ Ãʱ⼱±³
1.1. Ç º¥(Henry Venn, 1796¡1873)
19¼¼±â Áß¿±ÀÇ »ïÀÚ¿ø¸® ¶Ç´Â ÅäÂø±³È¸ ¼±±³ÀÌ·ÐÀº ¼¼°è¼±±³¿¡¼ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÑ ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ̾ú´Ù. Ç º¥Àº ¿µ±¹ CMS(Church Missionary Society)ÀÇ ¼ö¼®Ãѹ«·Î ¾à 40³â°£ Á¾»çÇÏ¸é¼ ÅäÂø±³È¸ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀÎ »ïÀÚ¿ø¸®¸¦ °³¹ß Á¤¸³ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Ç º¥Àº ¼±±³ºÎÀÇ Ãѹ«·Î¼ ¼ö¸¹Àº ÇöÁö ¼±±³»çµé°ú ¼½Å¿Õ·¡¿Í º¸°í¼¸¦ ÁÖ°í¹ÞÀ¸¸é¼, "What gave a church integrity?"¶ó°í ¹°¾ú´Ù. Áï ±³È¸´Â ÀÚ±â Á¤Ã¼°¨(self-worth)À» °¡Á®¾ß Çϴµ¥, ±³È¸ÀÇ self-worth´Â ¼¼ °¡ÁöÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò, Áï ¼¼ °¡ÁöÀÇ ¿ø¸®·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù´Â °Í-ÀÚ±Þ(self-support), ÀÚÄ¡(self-government), ÀÚÀü(self-propagation)-ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Ç º¥Àº ´ç½Ã ³ë¿¹Á¦µµÀÇ ÆóÁö¸¦ À§Çؼ ¿µ±¹ÀÇȸ¿¡ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» Çà»çÇÏ¸é¼ ¾ÕÀåÀ» ¼¼ ´ç½Ã ¿©·¯ °ø°øÁ¤Ã¥¿¡ ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ¹ßÈÖÇϴµ¥ ´©±¸º¸´Ùµµ ¾ÕÀåÀ» ¼±âµµ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Ç º¥ÀÇ »ïÀÚ¿ø¸®¸¦ ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â ÇÐÀÚµé(Stephen C. Neill)µµ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª, ±×°ÍÀº Ç º¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃæºÐÇÑ ÀÌÇØ°¡ ÀüÁ¦µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ºñÆÇÀ¸·Î º¼ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
1.2. ·çÆÛ½º ¾Ø´õ½¼(Rufus Anderson, 1796¡1880)
·çÆÛ½º ¾Ø´õ½¼Àº ´ë¼¾çÀ» »çÀÌ¿¡ µÐ "¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Ç º¥"À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ·çÆÛ½º ¾Ø´õ½¼Àº ¹«·Á 44³â°£ ABCFM(The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions)ÀÇ »óÀÓÃѹ«·Î ÀçÁ÷ÇÏ¸é¼ º¥°ú °°ÀÌ °ÅÀÇ µ¿½Ã´ë¿¡ »ïÀÚ¿ø¸®ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ü°èȽÃÄ×´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀº »çÀü¿¡ ÀdzíÀ̳ª ÇÑ µíÇÑ ÀÏÄ¡Á¡À» °®°í ÀÖ´Â °Í¿¡ ³î¶óÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
·çÆÛ½º ¾Ø´õ½¼Àº "¹®¸íÈ°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ, º¹À½È¸¦!"(Not Civilization, but Evangelization)À» ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀº ¾Ø´õ½¼ÀÇ ¼öÁ¦ÀÚÀÎ Robert E. Speer°¡ ABCFMÀÇ Ãѹ«·Î¼ ÀçÁ÷ÇÏ¸é¼ ±×´ë·Î ¼ö¿ëÇß°í, ´õ °è½Â ¹ßÀü½ÃÅ°¸é¼ ´ç½ÃÀÇ ¼¼°è °¢Áö, ƯÈ÷ Çѱ¹°ú Áß±¹¿¡ ÆÄ¼ÛµÈ ¼±±³»çµé¿¡°Ô ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô ¸¹Àº ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» Çà»çÇÏ¿´À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1.3. Á¸ ¸®ºù½ºÅÏ ³×ºñ¿ì½º(John Livingston Nevius, 1829¡1893)
Áß±¹ »êµ¿¹Ýµµ¿¡¼ ÀÏ»ý µ¿¾È ¼±±³»ç¿ªÀ» °¨´çÇß´ø, ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ºÏÀå·Î±³ ¼±±³»ç¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ¼±±³ ÃÊâ±â¿¡´Â »ïÀÚ¿ø¸®¸¦ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´±â¿¡ '½Ò ½ÅÀÚ'(rice christian)¸¦ ¾ç»êÇßÀ¸³ª, ÈÄ¿¡ ±ä ¾È½Ä³âÀ» ÅëÇؼ Ç º¥°ú ·çÆÛ½º ¾Ø´õ½¼À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ïÀÚ¿ø¸®¸¦ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¹è¿ì°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ ¼±±³ Á߹ݱ⿡ µé¾î¼¸é¼ »ïÀÚ¿ø¸®¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏ¸é¼ ³î¶ó¿î ¼±±³°á½ÇÀ» ¸Î±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ³×ºñ¿ì½º ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÇ Çѱ¹±³È¸ÀÇ µµÀÔ°ú ±× ¿µÇâ·Â¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸¹Àº ³í¹®°ú Àú¼úµéÀÌ ¼Ò°³µÇ¾ú´Ù.
2. Á¸ ·Î½º : ½ºÄÚƲ·£µå¿¡¼(1842¡1872)¿Í ¸¸ÁÖ¿¡¼ÀÇ(1872¡1910) »ç¿ª
Á¸ ·Î½º´Â ½ºÄÚƲ·£µåÀÇ ºÏµ¿ÂÊ, °¥¸¯¾î¸¦ ¾²´Â ÇÏÀÏ·£µåÀÇ Áß»êÃþÀÇ ¾Æµé·Î 1842³â¿¡ ž´Ù. Áö±Ý±îÁö Á¸ ·Î½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â Áö±ØÈ÷ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÎ ¹üÀ§ ³»¿¡¼¸¸ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³À» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. Á¸ ·Î½º´Â 11°³ ±¹¾î¸¦ ±¸»çÇÒ ¸¸Å Ź¿ùÇÑ ¾ð¾î´É·ÂÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯Àڷμ ¾î·Á¼ºÎÅÍ ¹ÌÁö ¼¼°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °·ÄÇÑ µ¿°æ½ÉÀ» °®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¸ÕÀú ¿¡µò¹ö·¯¿¡¼ ½ÅÇÐÀ» ÇÏ¸é¼ ÇÏÀÏ·£µåÀÇ º¹À½È¸¦ »ý°¢Çϸé¼, ±×°÷¿¡¼ ÀÏ»ýµ¿¾È ¸ñȸÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±â´ëÇßÀ¸³ª, ±×´Â ±× ´ç½Ã ½ÅÇб³¿¡¼ ¼±±³ÇöÁö¿¡¼ÀÇ ½Ã±ÞÇÑ ¿äûÀ» µéÀ¸¸é¼ ±íÀº °í¹ÎÀ» Çϱ⵵ Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â °á±¹ Áß±¹ ¼±±³¿¡·Î ºÎ¸£½Å´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿À·£ µ¿¾È °í¹Î³¡¿¡ 1872³âµµ¿¡ Áß±¹ 'ÁöÇÁ'(Chefoo)¿¡ µµÂøÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× ÈÄ ±×´Â ´õ¿í ´õ Àü·«ÀûÀÎ ¼±±³¸¦ À§Çؼ ±³´Ü ¼±±³ºÎ¸¦ °·ÂÇÏ°Ô ¼³µæÇؼ Áß±¹ ºÏµ¿ºÎ ¸¸ÁÖ·Î ¼±±³ ±âÁö¸¦ ¿Å±â°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Çѱ¹¼±±³ÀÇ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ µ¿±â¿Í ²ÞÀ» °®°Ô µÈ °è±â´Â ÁöÇÁ¿Í »êµ¿¼º¿¡¼ ¿Å°Ü°¡´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼, Çѱ¹¼±±³ Áß ¼ø±³ÇÑ Å丶½º ¼±±³»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼Ò½Ä°ú ¾Ë·º»ê´õ Àª¸®¾Ï½¼(Alexander Willamson)ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ Çѱ¹ ¼±±³¿¡ Áö´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» °®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ·Î½ºÀÇ Çѱ¹ ¼±±³¿¡ º»°ÝÀûÀÎ ½Ãµµ´Â 1Â÷ °í·Á¹®(Korean Gate) ¹æ¹®À¸·Î º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ Å¸´çÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù(1874).
·Î½º°¡ ¸¸ÁÖ ¼±±³¿¡¼ »ïÀÚ¿ø¸®¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »ç¿ªÀ» º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î °¨´çÇÏ¿© ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸ÁÖ¿¡¼ µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ÅäÂøÈµÈ ¸¸ÁÖÀÇ ÅäÂø±³È¸¸¦ ¼¼¿ì°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ·Î½ºÀÇ ¼±±³¹æ¹ý¿ø¸®¿Í Àü·«Àº ·Î½ºÀÇ ¼±±³ÇöÀå°ú ±×ÀÇ Àú¼ú ÀÚ·áµéÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÒ ¶§, ±×°¡ »ïÀÚ¿ø¸®¸¦ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í À̸¦ Ãæ½ÇÈ÷ Àû¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
·Î½ºÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ½Ê¿© °¡ÁöÀÇ Àú¼µéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù : Mandarin Primer: Being Easy lessons for Beginners, Transliterated According to the European Mode of Using Roman Letters(Shanghai, American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1876), and Corean Primer : Being Lessons in Corean on All Ordinary Subjects, Transliterated on the Principles of the Mandarin Primer(Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1877). History of Corea, Ancient and Modern: with Description of Manners, Customs, Language, and Geography(1879), The Manchus, or the Reigning Dynasty of China: Their rise and Progress(1880), Korean Speech with Grammar and Vocabulary(1882), Old Wang, the First Chinese Evangelist in Manchuria: A Sketch of His Life and Work, with a Chapter upon Native Agency in Chinese Missions (1889).
¶ÇÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÀúÀÛµéÀº ¼±±³ ÈĹݱ⿡ Àú¼úÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±×ÀÇ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ¸¸ÁÖ¿Í Çѱ¹¼±±³ÀÇ °æÇèÀ» Åä´ë·Î ÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·Ð°ú Áß±¹ ¹®È¿Í ¿ª»ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ±íÀº ÅëÂû·ÂÀ» ¿³º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÛÇ°µéÀÌ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ 'MMM'Àº º» ³í¹®À» ¾²´Âµ¥ ´õ¾øÀÌ ±ÍÁßÇÑ ÀÚ·á°¡ ¾Æ´Ò ¼ö ¾ø´Ù : The Boxers in Manchuria(1901), Mission Methods in Manchuria(1903), The Original Religion of China(1909) , The Origin of the Chinese People(1916).
3. ¸¸ÁÖ¿¡¼ÀÇ ·Î½ºÀÇ Çѱ¹ »ç¿ª
·Î½º´Â ¾Õ¿¡¼ »ìÆ캻 ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ÀÌ¹Ì 1879³âµµ¿¡ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¿ª»çÃ¥À» ¿µ¾î·Î Àú¼ú ÃâÆÇÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î Çѱ¹ ¿ª»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇعÚÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯±â¿¡ ±×´Â ±× ´ç½Ã Çѱ¹À» '¹ÌÀüµµ Á¾Á·'(Unreached People)À¸·Î ÀνÄÇÏ°í ½Ã±ÞÈ÷ º¹À½ÀÌ Áõ°ÅµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÈÍÈ÷ ³»´Ùº¸¾Ò´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ç½Ã ´ë¿ø±ºÀÇ ±âµ¶±³¿Í °¡Å縯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç̹ÚÀ¸·Î ¸¸ÁÖ¿¡ À̹Π¿Í ÀÖ´ø ¸¹Àº Çѱ¹ÀεéÀ» Á¢ÃËÇÏ°í 1Â÷ °í·Á¹® ¹æ¹®(1874)À» ÅëÇؼ º¹À½ÀüµµÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÀÌ¹Ì Á÷½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ·Î½º´Â µÎ Â÷·ÊÀÇ °í·Á¹® ¹æ¹®À» ÅëÇؼ Çѱ¹¼±±³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ÀÚ·á¼öÁý°ú ±×ÀÇ °³ÀÎ ¾îÇб³»ç¸¦ ã¾Æ Çѱ¹ ¾ð¾î¿Í ¹®È¸¦ º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ·¸°Ô Çؼ 1879³â¿¡ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Çѱ¹ÀÎ ¼¼·ÊÀÚ¸¦ °®°Ô µÇ¾ú°í, ±×ÀÇ ¸ÅºÎÀÎ ¸ÅŲŸÀ̾ º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¼º°æ¹ø¿ªÆÀ¿¡ ÇÕ·ùÇÏ°Ô µÊÀ¸·Î½á º»°ÝÀûÀÎ Çѱۼº°æÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÁߴܵÇÁö ¾Ê°í °è¼Ó ¼öÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ¹Ì ·Î½º´Â ÇѱÛÀ̶ó´Â Çѱ¹¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ÅäÂø ¾ð¾î¸¦ ÅëÇØ Çѱ¹ ¼±±³ÀÇ Àå·¡¸¦ ¹à°Ô ³»´Ùº¸¸é¼ ¸»Çϱ⸦ "a new people, a new country, a new language opening up to the Christian church"À̶ó°í Çѱ¹±³È¸ÀÇ ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ¿¹¾ðÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.
±× °á°ú 1882³â 3¿ù¿¡ ´©°¡º¹À½ÀÌ ¹ø¿ª ÃâÆǵǾú°í, ±× 5³â ÈÄ¿¡¡¶¿¹¼ö¼Í±³Á¯¼Å¡·(1887)¸¦ ¿Ï¼º¡¤ÃâÆÇÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
4. ·Î½ºÀÇ ¼º°æ ¹ø¿ªÆÀ(Ross' men)ÀÇ Àüµµ¿Í ¼±±³¹æ¹ý
·Î½º´Â ¼º°æ¹ø¿ª¿¡ ½ÉÇ÷À» ±â¿ïÀÎ ³¡¿¡ ³× ´Ü°è¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¼¶¼¼ÇÑ ¹ø¿ªÀ» ÀÌ·ï³ÂÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÌ ¹ø¿ª ¼º°æÀ» º¸±ÞÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡µµ Áö´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» ±â¿ï¿´´Ù. À̸¦ ¹ø¿ªÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È, BFBS(The British and Foreign Bible Society)¿Í NBSS(National Bible Society of Scotland)¿¡¼ ºñ¿ëÀ» ºÎ´ãÇß´Ù.
¿©±â¼ ÇÑ °¡Áö ÁÖ¸ñÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀº ¿ì¸® Á¤ºÎÀÇ °íÀ§°ü¸®·Î¼ ½Å»çÀ¯¶÷´ÜÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀ¸·Î È°¾àÇϱ⵵ Çß´ø À̼öÁ¤Àº ÀϺ»À¸·Î °Ç³Ê°¡ ±×°÷¿¡¼ º¹À½À» Á¢ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú°í, ±× ÈÄ ±×´Â ¿Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î Çѱ¹¼±±³ÀÇ ºñÀüÀ» Ç°°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¸¶Äɵµ´Ï¾ÆÀÎ(A Korean Macedonian)À¸·Î ´ç½ÃÀÇ ¹Ì±¹±³È¸¿¡ Àå¹®ÀÇ ÆíÁö¸¦ º¸³»¾î Çѱ¹¿¡ ¼±±³»çµéÀ» ÆļÛÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀ» È£¼ÒÇß´Ù. ÇÑÆí ±×°¡ ¹ø¿ªÇÑ ¸¶°¡º¹À½Àº ¹ø¿ª»óÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, À̸¦ º¸±ÞÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡¼µµ ·Î½º¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® "ÀϺ»ÀÎ" ¸Å¼ÀÎÀ» µ¿¿øÇß´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼ ´õ¿í Å« ¹®Á¦Á¡À» ¾È°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±× ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀº ·Î½ºÀÇ ÅäÂøÀ̷аú´Â °Å¸®°¡ ¸Õ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼, ½ÇÁ¦·Îµµ º° ¿¸Å¸¦ ¸ÎÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
ÀÌ¿¡ ¹ÝÇؼ ·Î½ºÀÇ ¸Å¼ÀÎÀÎ ÀÌÀÀÂù¡¤¹éÈ«ÁØ¡¤±èÁø±â¡¤À̼ºÇÏ¡¤ÀÌÀͼ¼¡¤ÃÖ¼º±Õ¡¤¼»óÀ±¡¤¼°æÁ¶´Â ¼º°æ ¹ø¿ªÆÀ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ°í ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÔ²² ÈƷù޾ÒÀ¸¸ç, °£µµ¡¤¼Ò·¡¡¤ÀÇÁÖ¿Í ¼¿ï¿¡¼ ±âµ¶±³ °øµ¿Ã¼¸¦ Çü¼ºÇØ °¬´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌµé ³× °÷ÀÇ ±âµ¶±³ °øµ¿Ã¼¿¡¼ 'self-propagating christian communities, self-governing christian communities, self-supporting christian communities'°¡ Çü¼ºµÈ °ÍÀ» ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
·Î½º´Â ±×ÀÇ 39³â ¸¸ÁÖ¼±±³ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ±×¸®°í ¿À·£ ±â°£ÀÇ Çѱۼº°æ ¹ø¿ªÆÀµé°ú ÇÔ²² Çѱ¹ ¾ð¾î, ¹®È¿Í ¿ª»ç¿¡ °üÇÑ Ã¥µéÀ» ¾²¸é¼µµ ±×ÀÇ 40³âÀÇ ¼±±³»ç¿ª ±â°£Áß ´Ü ÇÑ ¹ø Çѱ¹À» ¹æ¹®ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. 1887³â 9¿ù¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¼¿ï ÃÖÃÊÀÇ °ø±³È¸¿´´ø »õ¹®¾È±³È¸ Á÷ºÐÀÚ¸¦ ¼¼¿ì´Â ¿¹¹è¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é¼ ±×´Â Á÷ºÐÀÚ¸¦ ¼¼¿ì´Â ÀÚ¸®¿¡¼ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼±±³ ¿¸Å¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ¶æ ±íÀº ¼ø°£À» ¸ÂÀÌÇß´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
À̶§ ·Î½º´Â ¾ð´õ¿ìµå¿Í Çѱ¹¿¡¼ ¼±±³»ç¿ªÀ» È°¹ßÇÏ°Ô °¨´çÇÏ´ø ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¿©·¯ ¼±±³»çµéµµ ¸¸³ª°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´ç½ÃÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ ¼±±³»çµéÀº ¸Å¿ì Àþ¾ú°í, ¼±±³ÈƷðú ¼±±³Á¤Ã¥ÀÇ ºÎÀç·Î ÀÎÇØ ´ÜÁö ¼±±³¿¸Å¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â ¼öÁØÀ̾ú´Ù.
·Î½º¿ª ¼º°æÀº ¾Õ¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ À̼öÁ¤¿ª¿¡ ºñÇϸé, ¿©·¯ ¸é¿¡¼ Ź¿ùÇÑ ¹ø¿ªÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ·Î½º¿ªµµ, À̼öÁ¤¿ªÀÇ ÃÖÃÊ°³Á¤ÆÇÀÌ ³ª¿Â ÀÌ·¡, 1893³â¿¡ ´õ ÀÌ»ó »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â·Î ³»ÇѼ±±³»çµé¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ °áÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ÇØ¿¡ ¼±±³»ç°øÀÇȸ(Council of Missions)°¡ ±¸¼ºµÇ°í, ÀÌ ±â±¸¿¡¼ ³×ºñ¿ì½º ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î äÅÃµÇ°í ¶ÇÇÑ ¼ÒÀ§ '¼±±³Áö ºÐÇÒ ÇùÁ¤'(Comity Arragement) ¿ª½Ã ÀÌ ÇØ¿¡ ÀÌ·ïÁø´Ù.
·Î½ºÀÇ ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·ÐÀº ±×ÀÇ Àú¼ÀÎ "Mission Method of Manchuria"(1903)¿¡¼ ¹àÈ÷°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ¼Ò³í¹®, º¸°í¼, ±×¸®°í ¼³±³(addresses)¸¦ ÅëÇؼµµ ±×ÀÇ ÅäÂø±³È¸ ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·Ð(»ïÀÚ¿ø¸®)À» ¹àÈ÷ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ·Î½ºÀÇ ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·ÐÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¿ï»çµµÀÇ ¼±±³Àû ÀÚÁú°ú ŵµ¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÏ°Ú´Ù.
·Î½ºÀÇ ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ¿ä¾àÇÏÀÚ¸é, ´ÙÀ½ ³× °¡Áö·Î Á¤¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ù°´Â ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ Ãʱâ Àüµµ¿©ÇàÀ» ÅëÇؼ ¼±±³ÁöÀÇ ¹®È, ¿ª»ç, ±×¸®°í ¾ð¾î¸¦ ½ÀµæÇÏ´Â ´Ü°è, µÑ°´Â ÀÚÀü(í»îî, self-propagation)À» ÅëÇؼ "Á»´õ °Ç°ÇÏ°í, Á»´õ °ß°íÇϸç, ±×¸®°í Á»´õ È¿°úÀûÀÎ" ±³È¸¸¦ ¼¼¿ì°í, ¼Â°´Â ÀÚÄ¡(í»ö½, ·Î½º´Â self-government º¸´Ù´Â self-reliance¶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ» ´õ¿í ¼±È£ÇßÀ½)¸¦ ÅëÇؼ ½º½º·Î °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ±³È¸¸¦ ¼¼¿ì·Á°í Çߴµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀ̾߸»·Î ±³È¸°¡ ³»±¸·ÂÀ» °¡Áö´Âµ¥ °¡Àå ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ±æÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ³Ý°´Â ¼±±³ºñÀÇ Ãâó ¹®Á¦¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ³×ºñ¿ì½º¿¡ ºñÇؼ »ó´çÈ÷ À¶Å뼺 ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ±Þ(í»Ðå, self-support) Á¤½ÅÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
5. »ïÀÚ¿ø¸®¿Í Çѱ¹ Ãʱâ Àå·Î±³È¸
·Î½º¿Í ³×ºñ¿ì½ºÀÇ °ü°è´Â, ¾Õ¼¼ »ìÆ캻 Ç º¥°ú ·çǪ½º ¾Ø´õ½¼ »çÀÌ¿¡¼ º¸°Ô µÇ´Â ³î¶ó¿ï Á¤µµÀÇ À¯»ç¼ºÀ» ´Ù½Ã±Ý º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ ¼±±³»ç´Â Áß±¹À̶ó´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÇöÀå¿¡¼ »ïÀÚ¿ø¸®¸¦ ´õ¿í ¹ßÀüÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ë½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×¸®°í À̵éÀº ¸ðµÎ Çѱ¹±³È¸ Ãʱ⼱±³¿¡ ¼µµ Áö´ëÇÑ °øÇåÀ» Çß´Ù.
·Î½ºÀÇ ±â·Ï¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ·Î½º¿Í ³×ºñ¿ì½º´Â ´Ü ÇÑ ¹ø 1887³â 9¿ù ·Î½ºÀÇ Çѱ¹ ¹æ¹®±æ¿¡ ¼·Î ¸¸³ª¼ ¹ãÀ» ¼¼¿ö°¡¸ç ¼·ÎÀÇ ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ±íÀÌ ÀÖ°Ô ³íÀÇÇß´ø °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ¹Ì ·Î½º´Â ÀÌÀüºÎÅÍ ³×ºñ¿ì½ºÀÇ ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·Ð¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ÁÖÀÇ ±í°Ô ÀÐ¾î ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ´ç½Ã ³×ºñ¿ì½º¸¦ ¸¸³µÀ» ¶§´Â º¸´Ù ±íÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ´ëȵéÀ» ³ª´« °ÍÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ´ëÈ¿¡¼ ³×ºñ¿ì½º°¡ ¸»Çϱ⸦, ±×´Â ÀÚ±ÞÀÇ ¿ø¸®¿¡¼ Àڽź¸´Ù À¶Å뼺ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ·Î½ºÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ö°ÝÇÑ Åµµº¸´Ù ´õ ¿Ç¾ÒÀ½À» °£Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀÎÇß´Ù.
³×ºñ¿ì½ºÀÇ ¼±±³¹æ¹ýÀÌ Çѱ¹¿¡ µµÀ﵃ ¶§´Â ±âÁ¸¿¡ °ßÁöÇØ¿À´ø ÀÔÀ庸´Ù ·Î½ºÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼ÒµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. Çѱ¹¿¡¼ ¿À·£ µ¿¾È ¼±±³»ç¿ªÀ» °¨´çÇØ¿Ô´ø Charles Allen ClarkÀº ±×°¡ µû¶ú´ø ³×ºñ¿ì½º ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ¾ÆÈ© °¡Áö·Î ¿ä¾àÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª 1893³âµµ Àå·Î±³ °øÀÇȸ¿¡¼ äÅÃÇÑ ³×ºñ¿ì½º ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·ÐÀº ¿ °¡Áö·Î ¿ä¾àµÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ¾Õ¼ ¿ä¾àµÇ¾î ¼Ò°³µÈ ³×ºñ¿ì½ºÀÇ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ »ó´çºÎºÐ "¼öÁ¤"µÈ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¼öÁ¤µÈ ºÎºÐ¿¡¼ ÁÖµÈ ¼±±³ ´ë»óÀÚ¸¦ ¼Ò¼öÀÇ »ó·ù°è±ÞÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ °è±Þ°ú ¿©¼ºÃþÀ¸·Î Á¶Á¤ÇÑ °ÍÀº ·Î½º°¡ ÇѱÛÀ» ¼º°æ¹ø¿ª¾î·Î äÅÃÇÑ °Í°ú ¾Æ¿ï·¯¼ ±×ÀÇ ¼±±³Àû Ź¿ùÇÑ ÅëÂûÀ» ¿³º¸°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. À̹ۿ¡µµ ·Î½ºÀÇ ÅäÂøÈ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤½ÅÀº ±³È¸°ÇÃ๰, »ç°æȸÁ¦µµ³ª ÀüµµºÎÀÎ(Bible women), ¼º°æÁß½ÉÀÇ ±³È¸·Î Çѱ¹±³È¸°¡ ÅäÂøÈ¿¡·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡´Âµ¥ º¸´Ù ±ÕÇü ÀâÈù ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
°á ·Ð
"Without Jesus no Paul and no Nazarenes; but without Paul no world Christianity."
¿ì¸®´Â ¾Õ¿¡¼ º¸¾Æ¿Â °Íó·³ ¹Ì±¹¼±±³»çµéÀÇ º»°ÝÀûÀÎ ¼±±³È°µ¿ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ·Î½ºÀÇ ÇÑ±Û ¼º°æ°ú Çѱ¹ ÅäÂøÀüµµÀÚµé(Ross' Men)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ±âµ¶±³ º¹À½ÀüÆÄ°¡ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Â Á¡À» °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§, ·Î½ºÀÇ ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·Ð°ú ¼±±³Á¤Ã¥À» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â Çѱ¹ ÃʱⱳȸÀÇ Çü¼º°úÁ¤À» ¿ÂÀüÈ÷ ¼³¸íÇÒ ±æÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.
4Àå°ú 5Àå¿¡¼ º¸¾ÒµíÀÌ, °£µµ¡¤¼Ò·¡¡¤ÀÇÁÖ¡¤¼¿ï Áö¿ª¿¡¼ Çü¼ºµÈ Ãʱâ Àå·Î±³ °øµ¿Ã¼´Â »ïÀÚ¿ø¸®¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ·Î½º ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼±±³ ¹æ¹ý ¿ø¸®¸¦ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¸»³âÀÇ Àú¼ÀÎ "MMM"¿¡¼µµ »ïÀÚ¿ø¸®¿¡ ÀÔ°¢ÇÑ ¸¸ÁÖ¿Í Çѱ¹ ¼±±³»ç¿ª¿ø¸®¸¦ »ìÆ캼 ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» 4Àå¿¡¼ È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±×¸®°í Áö±Ý±îÁö ¾Ë·ÁÁø ³×ºñ¿ì½º ¼±±³¿ø¸®°¡ ·Î½ºÀÇ ¼±±³¿ø¸®¿¡ ºñÇؼ »ó´çÈ÷ ºÒ±ÕÇüÀûÀÎ Ãø¸éÀ» °¡Á³´ø °ÍÀº, ³×ºñ¿ì½º ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¼±±³°æÇèÀ¸·Î º¼ ¶§ ¿ì¸®´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
µû¶ó¼ Çѱ¹ Ãʱâ Àå·Î±³È¸ °øµ¿Ã¼ÀÇ Çü¼º¿¡¼ ÁÖµÈ ¿äÀÎÀº ³×ºñ¿ì½º ¼±±³¹æ¹ý·Ð¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó±âº¸´Ù´Â ·Î½ºÀÇ ÅäÂø¼±±³À̷п¡ ÀÔ°¢ÇÑ ±ÕÇü ÀâÈù »ïÀÚ¿ø¸®¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù°í Æò°¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.*
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