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선교학자료 > |
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2005-11-21 |
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없음 () |
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| A MODEL FOR CONTEXTUAL THEOLOGIZING |
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| by Dr. Mark Harlan |
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본 내용은 2005년 11월 16-18일 강화도 성산예수마을에서 KWMA/KCC/USCWM/ISFM/IJFM, KFMN/KJFM 협력이 공동 주최한 '제5회 한국선교지도자포럼'에서 분야별 전략회의 위원회: 이슈 대토론회, 선택식 특강에서 발표된 내용의 파워포인트 내용을 옮겨 놓은 것이다.
A MODEL FOR CONTEXTUAL THEOLOGIZING
by Dr. Mark Harlan
Components for Mission Theologizing
Biblical, Historical & Missiological Foundations
Theoretical Model
Contextual Analysis
Theological Development
What is a Model?
“A symbolic representation of selected aspects of the behavior of a complex system for particular purposes” (Ian Barbour)
Not reality itself, but a useful tool
(Like making clothes on a tailor’s dummy)
The Integrative Model
Four phases of the theologizing process:
1. Reflection
2. Integration
3. Development
4. Praxis
Phase I: Reflection
Theological reflection on four domains:
Bible
Context
Personal Experience
Church’s Reflection
Step 1: Reflection on the Bible
A. Reflect on the Bible, the revelation of the missionary God.
B. Begin with the approach of biblical theology (not systematic theology).
Biblical theology
Focuses on the “story” of reality (whose ‘plot’ culminates in God’s everlasting kingdom)
Sees scripture’s primary meaning as revealed in history (‘His story’)
Reflects the issues, emphases, and categories of the biblical authors.
Biblical vs. Systematic Theology
Systematic theology uses abstract propositions to explain the underlying nature & unchanging structures of reality.
Stories have greater transformational impact than propositions, transferring truth from the head to the heart.
Step 2: Reflection on the Context
1. Survey the culture, the worldview and the mission history
2. Look for common ground
3. Identify the presenting problems
4. List and prioritize the contextual issues
5. Suggest possible implications for theologizing
Step 3: Reflection on Personal Experience
A lens through which we view the Bible, our context, and all reality
Shared experiences contribute to local theology.
Scissors analogy: The blades of personal experience and mission context are brought together by the hinge pin of scripture.
Step 4: Reflection on the Church’s Theological Reflection
Historical & systematic theology are examples of lenses used in the West to read Scripture, reflect theologically, and view mission from a particular viewpoint
Often based on Western assumptions and methodologies.
Reflection on Our Theological Heritage
Christians in the non-Western world must reflect on and critique the theology they received from the West (usually).
How does it interface with their reality?
How has it impacted their understanding of God?
Reflecting on the Church’s Reflection
Study first those issues that have already been imported into the local context through outside mission activity.
Note how early church controversies and councils often reflect differing patterns of thinking between the West and East.
Look to near-neighbor cultures for clues to more contextually appropriate theology.
Reflecting on the Church’s Reflection
Western theology should not act as the final judge of a local theology’s validity.
Delay study of Western theological systems until after drafting a local theology.
Correlating a local theology to other theologies can point to transcultural truth.
Phase II: Integration
The integration phase consists of two steps:
Step 5: Examination of areas of overlap between Context and the other three domains
= Integrating Issues
Step 6: Contemplation of the integrating issues to ascertain a theological center of gravity
= Integrating Idea
Step 5: Identify Integrating Issues
Identify issues calling for interpretation of the faith.
Identify issues that must be confronted
(worldview assumptions, beliefs, values, allegiances, cultural & social issues, and needs).
Observe areas of common ground upon which to build bridges to biblical truth.
Step 6: Select an Integrating Idea
Determine an overarching concept arising from the various integrating themes that combines, interrelates, and unifies them.
It should be:
Contextually appropriate, interfacing with the central deep-structure themes of the contextual worldview
Biblically dominant, encompassing a range of biblical motifs
Missionally transformational.
Integration Phase (Summary)
Integrating Issues
Determine the theological agenda
Integrating Ideas
Determine the “center" of the theology
Phase III: Development
Three Stages:
Step 7: Identify the Missional Purpose
Step 8: Shape the Theological Content
Step 9: Choose a Sociological Genre
Step 7: Identify the Missional Purpose
Five functions for theology:
Worship
Proclamation
Doctrinal formulation
Life
Worldview
7a. Theology for Worship
Faith was not first expressed in theology, but in worship and hymns proclaiming God’s mighty deeds in Christ.
Theology for Worship
“The theologian has no right to fear the spontaneous manner in which the church sometimes expresses the faith. If the apostles had been timorous and shut the mouths of the poets through fear of heresy, the Church would never have found footing on Hellenistic soil.”
(Daniel von Allmen)
Theology for Worship
“Theology comes after, and it fulfills the twofold function of criticism and the introduction of order” (Daniel von Allmen).
7b. Theology for Proclamation
Effective communication is involves:
Logos, the message must focus on the story of what God has done
Ethos, the personal character of the proclaimer must be conveyed, his disposition and attitude;
Pathos, the power to stir the emotions
Contextualization, the adaptation of the message “using analogies, synergistic correlations, and creative imagination to clarify what is meant and what is called for in response” (Longenecker)
7c. Theology for Doctrine
Doctrine is primarily for the benefit of the church, clarifying its understanding of the Scriptural truth in the light of historical happenings.
7d. Theology for Living
Theology should address the problems people face in living their faith.
It should be pastoral in its orientation
The theological agenda must be determined by the real priorities of a particular context.
7e. Theology for Worldview
The most difficult and powerful kind of change
Worldview change required not only in knowledge, but also in allegiance & power.
Theologically correct knowledge is less influence on worldview change than do the role of the will, new experiences, and group support.
Step 8: Develop the Theological Content
Formulate new theological expressions of ancient truth
Apply God’s unchanging truth in changing contexts
Developing theological content entails:
Application of principles of incarnational communication to the contextual issues
Synergistic understandings and correlations between the four domains of reflection (the Bible, Context, Personal Experience & Church’s Reflection)
Analogy and Imagination (no formulas)
Step 9: Select a Sociological Genre
Theology can be expressed as:
Variations on sacred texts
Knowledge
Wisdom
Praxis
Power
Commentary
Narrative
Anthologies
Variations on sacred texts
How powerfully does it engage the culture?
Role of aesthetics
9b. Theology as Wisdom
Observes human experience, self, God, and the universe to gain knowledge
Seeks to integrate all of life into a meaningful, unified whole
The logic of wisdom theology includes analogy, typology, numerological and astrological speculations, orders of hierarchy, allegory, images, and the metaphor of journey or path.
9c. Theology as Sure Knowledge
Whereas wisdom theology seeks to understand the unity of the world, sure knowledge theology tries to build a system that explains it.
It provides a critical, exact form of knowledge, typically using reason, social or natural science.
9d. Theology as Praxis
Theology’s task is to illumine the exact nature of social relationships
It should point to false and oppressive relationships within the social fabric to transform them (in the domain of politics, economics, religion, gender, caste or language)
9e. Theology as Power
Manifests the presence and power of God in real life experience through spiritual transformation, miracles, signs and wonders, healings, demonic deliverance, visions, dreams, and answered prayer.
Phase IV: Praxis
Phase IV: Praxis
Step 10: Preparation for Action
Step 11: Taking Action
Step 12: Reflection on Action
Reflection on Action
“Faith is understanding’s step, and understanding is faith’s reward” (Augustine)
Obedience results in theological insight
(Colossians 1:10; John. 14:21)
The Integration Model (Review)
Four phases of the theologizing process:
1. Reflection
2. Integration
3. Development
4. Praxis
Phase I: Reflection
John Kim
Here we need to insert a duplicate copy of Slide #14 [the diagram of Reflection phase]
Phase II: Integration
Step 5: Integrating Issues
Determine the theological agenda
Step 6: Integrating Ideas
Determine the “center" for the theology
Phase III: Development
Step 7: Identify the Missional Purpose
Step 8: Shape the Theological Content
Step 9: Choose a Sociological Genre
Phase IV: Praxis
Step 10: Preparation for Action
Step 11: Taking Action
Step 12: Reflection on Action
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